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• 11/15/24: The Hermaphrodite Pharynx chapter has been updated with new content and references. • 10/07/24: Congratulations to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for winning the 2024 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on microRNAs using C. elegans as a model organism. • 02/07/24: SW88 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 12/04/23: SW87 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 11/06/23: In collaboration with the Hallem Lab, an introductory chapter on the anatomy of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis is now available on WormAtlas. • 10/23/23: A new chapter on the Aging Reproductive System is now available as part of the Handbook of Aging. • 09/29/23: Videos from the 2023 International C. elegans Conference Electron Microscopy Workshop have been added to the recently updated Anatomical Methods Section. • 01/24/23: A new section on the Aging Muscle is now available as part of the Handbook of Aging. • 04/09/22: The Individual Neurons table now includes a column detailing the meaning behind each neuron's name. This information is also offered on a separate Neuron Names page with added details. • 04/05/22: In collaboration with Curtis Loer and Jim Rand, the Neurotransmitter Table has been updated with new information on the properties and action of neurotransmitters in C. elegans. Similarly, the Criteria for Assigning a Neurotransmitter Function page has been updated as well. • 04/03/22: The Literature Section has been updated! Our collection of landmark papers focused on nematode anatomy have been expanded to include a wider range of subjects and are now arranged topically. • 11/10/21: SW86 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 10/12/21: WormImage now includes electron micrographs from other nematodes! Users can find data on Pristionchus pacificus in the WormImage Database. • 08/30/21: SW85 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 07/14/21: Nemanode, The Nematode Neural Network Viewer, is highighted as a valuable site for users interested in neuronal connections. • 06/10/21: WormAtlas has expanded its content to include other nematodes. An Introduction to Pristionchus pacificus is now available. • 02/22/21: A new section on the Aging Hypodermis is now avaialble as part of the Handbook of Aging. • 01/19/21: SW84 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 11/17/20: SW83 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 08/27/20: SW82 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 07/10/20: SW81 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 06/26/20: A new figure in the Aging Cuticle section features images collected via Atomic Force Microsopy that illustrate changes in the cuticle of older worms. • 06/08/20: SW80 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 05/05/20: SW79 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 03/06/20: SW78 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 01/08/20: SW77 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 12/09/19: SW75 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 11/11/19: SW74 annotated slice (head/nerve ring) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 11/06/19: WormImage has a new look! After two years of being hosted by a partner site, WormImage is relaunching locally in a different format. Please try out the new interface and contact us with any questions or concerns. • 09/25/19: SW59 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 07/26/19: WormAtlas is pleased to announce that Dr. Nathan Schroeder will be joining our team as we expand our offerings to include anatomical data from other nematode species. Please see this link for more details on our exciting new partnership. • 07/15/19: A new information page has been added for the PHD neuron in the Individual Neuron section. • 07/11/19: A modern update to Mind of a Worm appears in Nature this week, revising and contrasting the connectomes of the two adult sexes. Congratulations to Scott Emmons for leading this effort. See press release for details. • 04/05/19: We honor Sydney Brenner (1927-2019), Nobel laureate, who first proposed C. elegans as a model for genetics, cell biology and neuroscience, and who inspired so many of us to follow in his footsteps. This website mirrors his vision for a complete “parts list” for the nematode. • 03/13/19: SW58 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 02/04/19: SW57 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 1/09/19: A new section on the Aging Excretory System is now avaialble as part of the Handbook of Aging. • 12/03/18: An Introduction to Aging in C. elegans is now avaialble as part of the Handbook of Aging. • 11/14/18: We are pleased to host a new method by Teuscher and Ewald that can be used to help distinguish GFP and YFP from autofluoresence. • 11/13/18: Congratulations to Dr. Ahna Skop for being the inaugual recipient of the American Society of Cell Biology Prize for Excellence in Inclusivity. • 09/21/18: The Cuticle Handbook has been updated with new images and figures showing details of wt and mutant cuticle. • 07/10/18: SW56 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 5/25/18: A new chapter on the Aging Intestine has been added to the Handbook of Aging. • 03/29/18: SW55 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 3/9/18: We honor Sir John Sulston (1942- 2018), Nobel Prize winner who helped to pioneer C. elegans as a model system, and who worked to keep genomic data open to the public. Many of his ground-breaking papers can be found here. • 1/15/18: A new chapter on the structure and function of Gap Junctions has been released. • 12/15/17: WorrmAtlas annouces a new Handbook of Aging with the release of two chapters: Aging Cuticle and the Aging Pharynx. • 11/01/17: WorrmAtlas now offers an Introduction to Embryo Anatomy in the new Embryo Handbook. • 10/25/17: A new chapter, Embryonic Development of the Nerve Ring, has been added to the Embryo Handbook. • 08/04/17: A new section on Electron Tomography Methods has been added to the Anatomical Methods collection and the Overview of Tomoography has been updated.• 03/22/17: Congratulations to Jonathan Hodgkin for receiving the 2017 Novitski Prize in recognition of his contributions towards an understanding of sex determination in C. elegans. • 01/03/17: In collaboration with partners at Science Wall, WormImage 3.0 has been released. With a new, more interactive interface, it is now possible to annotate and comment on images on the site. • 10/03/16: SW54 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 09/25/16: SW53 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 09/08/16: SW52 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 07/29/16: SW51 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm• 07/09/16: SW50 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 06/21/16: SW49 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 06/09/16: The Evidence for Classical Neurotransmitters in C. elegans Neuron by Curtis Loer and Jim Rand is now available as an updated and revised version of the Neurotransmitter Table. • 06/07/16: SW752 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 04/12/16: We mark the recent death of Nichol Thomson, 91, who was instrumental in all TEM studies of C. elegans from 1968-1987 in Cambridge. His techniques, skills and beautiful results are reflected throughout the pages of WormAtlas. • 03/14/16: SW48 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 01/20/16: SW47 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 01/13/16: SW46 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 10/25/15: Hermaphrodite Handbook intestine chapter section on intestinal development has been updated • 08/27/15: Description of a newly discovered male neuron pair (MCML/R) by Barrios lab has been added to the Individual Neurons • 06/11/15: SW45 annotated slice (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 04/22/15: SW43 and SW44 annotated slices (head) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 4/14/15: Richard Durbin's 1987 thesis on the Development and Organisation of the Nervous System (Part I and Part II) has been reformatted with links updated to make it more accessible to users. • 4/01/15: The Dauer Handbook is complete with the final sections on The Genetics of Dauer Arrest and Diapause in Other Species now available • 3/26/15: The Dauer Handbook now has a section on the Epithelial System • 1/23/15: The Dauer Handbook now has an introductory Overview section • 12/28/14: Hermaphrodite hypodermis chapter has been updated • 11/21/14: The classic Mind of a Worm paper by White et al., 1986 has been reformatted and has updated links. • 10/10/14: SW380 annotated slice (mid-body) and SW689, SW688 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 8/4/14: SW693, SW692 and SW690 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 7/2/14: SW698, SW697, SW696, SW695 and SW694 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 6/9/14: SW699, SW700 and SW701 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 5/27/14: SW702 and SW703 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 5/15/14: SW704 and SW705 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 4/29/14: The Dauer Handbook now offers a section on the • 4/24/14: SW706 and SW707 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 4/14/14: SW708 and SW709 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 3/31/14: SW710 and SW711 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the Hermaphrodite SlidableWorm • 3/25/14: Male SlidableWorm is now available on WormAtlas. New slices will be added regularly. • 2/28/14: SW712 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 12/10/13: SW713 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 12/2/13: SW714, SW715 and SW716 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/19/13: The Dauer Handbook now offers a section on the Dauer Muscle • 11/13/13: SW718 and SW717 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/8/13: SW720 and SW719 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/28/13: SW721 and SW722 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/1/13: WormAtlas now offers the Sperm Gallery, a collection of images and videos from Sam Ward's lab (now retired) featuring the anatomy of C. elegans sperm. • 9/11/13: SW681 through SW684 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 9/06/13: SW679 and SW680 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 9/3/13: Neuronal network of C. elegans: from Anatomy to Behavior (Doctoral Dissertation Thesis) by Beth Chen, 2007 (pdf file) has been added to Worm Literature. • 8/10/13: SW676, SW677 and SW678 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 8/06/13: SW672 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 8/02/13: SW673 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 7/30/13: SW674 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 7/22/13: SW667 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 7/3/13: SW666 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 7/1/13: SW665 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 6/28/13: SW664 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 6/26/13: SW723 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 6/24/13: The Dauer Handbook now offers a section on the Dauer Intestine. • 6/4/13: The homepage for WormAtlas has been reorganized to provide a more compact and streamlined interface. • 6/4/13: The Anatomical Methods section now offers many new and updated protocols and can be accessed through a new button on the front page. • 5/31/13: SW724 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 5/21/13: Lists of all somatic muscle cells and hypodermal cells have been curated and added to their respective chapters in the hermaphrodite section. • 5/1/13: SW662 and SW670 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 4/9/13: SW753 annotated slice (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 4/4/13: SW754 through SW772 annotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 4/3/13: SW662 through SW668 and SW672 through SW772 unannotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 3/21/13: A new section on the Regulation of Dauer Diapause has been added to the Dauer Handbook • 1/23/13: SW716 through SW738 unannotated slices (tail) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 1/7/12: SW471 through SW476 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 12/19/12: SW453 through SW470 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 12/12/12: SW428 through SW452 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 12/07/12: SW408, SW410, SW411 and SW413 through SW419 and SW421 through SW427 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/21/12: SW395 through SW406 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/16/12: SW361 through SW368 and SW370 through SW393 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/12/12: SW326 through SW360 unannotated slices (mid-body) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/26/12: Try our new Pharynx Atlas. Users can identify all the cells in the terminal bulb using this new interface based on Leon Avery's original version. • 10/01/12: SW91, SW92, SW94 and SW97 unannotated slices (head) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 09/26/12: SW81 through SW90 and SW93 unannotated slices (head) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 09/21/12: A new section on Dauer Neuroanatomy has been added to the Dauer Handbook. • 09/17/12: SW74 through SW80 unannotated slices (head) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 07/27/12: Male tail "connectome" published in Science. See also Neurons and Circuits section for details. • 07/21/12: Pharynx development section expanded with four new movies and new data in collaboration with A Santella/Bao lab • 07/11/12: SW43 through SW73 unannotated slices (head) has been added to the SlidableWorm. • 07/10/12: A new section on Dauer Behavior has been added to the Dauer Handbook • 05/15/12: Table of Neurotransmitter Receptors in C. elegans is expanded to include the ins/IGF receptor-like proteins. See: A Table of Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Receptors in C. elegans • 05/14/12: Excretory system has been updated. • 03/27/12: Intestinal development has been updated. See: Section 3 Intestinal Development: Structural Mechanisms • 03/19/12: Table of Neurotransmitter Receptors in C. elegans is expanded to include the neuropeptide receptors. See: A Table of Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Receptors in C. elegans • 01/09/12: SlidableWorm now has an updated interface. Please try it out and let us know what you think. There is a new user guide as well for a detailed look at how the new version works. • 12/20/11: A Table of Neurotransmitter Receptors in C. elegans is added to the Atlas • 10/20/11: A new section has been added to the Dauer Handbook. Please check out the Dauer Pharynx chapter. • 10/4/11: Some of the neuron type assignments (eg DVA, DVB, SIA, SIB, SAB, RIV) have been updated according to anatomical or genetic data • 9/27/11: SW42 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 8/11/11: A graphic representation of comparative RVG neuron locations in N2U, N2T and N2S animals is added to the Head Neurons Image. • 8/1/11: SW41 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 7/22/11: SW420 slice (mid-body) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 7/8/11: SW40 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 6/30/11: WormAtlas has gone mobile! Now when you go to the website with your mobile device, you will be redirected to a reformatted version of the front page. The Hermaphrodite and Male Handbook sections are mobile friendly as well. Give them a try and contact Laura Herndon with any feedback. • 6/21/11: The first section of the Dauer Handbook has been posted. Please check out the new Dauer Cuticle chapter. • 6/18/11: We are pleased to announce the release of WormImage 2.0. This new version features a new look and a new search interface making the data more accessible to users. Please give it a try and contact Laura Herndon or Dave Hall with any comments or questions. • 3/30/11: SW412 slice (mid-body) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 2/10/11: We are in the process of updating nervous system info; during this process updates and changes will be appearing throughout relevant pages without announcement. If you are using WA neuron images for presentations or literature, make sure you have the latest versions of these images. Contact Zeynep F. Altun zeynep.altun@einstein.yu.edu for any questions. • 1/18/11: SW407 slice (mid-body) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/30/10: SW369 slice (mid-body) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/19/10: SW409 slice (mid-body) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/05/10: A table of neurotransmitters in C. elegans and The criteria for neurotransmitters in C. elegans by Curtis Loer are added to the Atlas. • 09/14/10: SW394 slice (mid-body) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 08/06/10: SW39 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 07/26/10: WormAtlas is now on Facebook. We hope that you will "like" us there! • 07/26/10: WormAtlas is hosting a booth at the Aging, Metabolism, Pathogenesis, Stress, and Small RNAs Meeting in Madison, WI from August 1-4. Please stop by and see us. • 06/22/10: An image of sensory dendrites is added to the Atlas. • 06/1/10: A diagram of monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis pathways is added to the Atlas. • 05/25/10: SW38 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 05/25/10: WormAtlas is now featuring a new search engine powered by Google Custom Search. Please try it and send any comments or suggestions to Laura Herndon. • 05/5/10: SW36 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 04/16/10: SW35 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 03/10/10: SW34 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 03/02/10: SW33 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 02/22/10: SW31 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 02/16/10: Head Neurons Image showing positions of anterior hypodermal, head muscle and arcade nuclei (in N2T animal) is added to the left frame of Individual Neurons Page. • 02/10/10: SW29 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 01/18/10: SW28 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 01/06/10: SW37 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 11/5/09: SW26 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/15/09: SW24 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 09/6/09: HTML version of J.G. White, E. Southgate, J.N. Thomson, et al (1983) "Factors That Determine Connectivity in the Nervous System of C. elegans." is now added to the Worm Literature section • 09/2/09: SW23 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 08/28/09: HTML version of Sulston J.E. et al (1983) "Neuronal Cell Lineages in the Nematode C. elegans" is now added to the Worm Literature section • 08/24/09: SW21 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 07/24/09: SW22 slice (head) is added to the SlidableWorm. • 07/16/09: SW19, SW20, SW25, SW27 and SW32 slices (head) are added to the SlidableWorm. And SW18 and SW30 slices (head) have been corrected. • 05/14/09: A new edition of WormAtlas (WormAtlas 2.0) is avaliable for beta testing. Please send your questions and suggestions regarding this new version to Laura Herndon. • 05/07/09: Paul Sternberg is elected to the National Academy of Sciences. • 11/13/08: SW18 and SW30 slices (head) are added to the SlidableWorm. • 10/08/08: Martin Chalfie received the Nobel prize in chemistry.
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